哲学推理并不完美

 ……European philosophers, . . . say  that the principal  method of gaining knowledge is through the senses; they consider it supreme, although it is imperfect, for it commits errors. For example, the greatest of the senses is the power of sight. The sight sees the mirage as water, and it sees images reflected in mirrors as real and existent; large bodies which are distant appear to be small, and a whirling point appears as a circle. . . . Therefore we cannot trust it.

 ……ancient philosophers . . proved things by reason, and held firmly  to logical proofs, all their arguments are arguments of reason. Notwithstanding this, they  differed greatly, and their opinions were contradictory. They even changed their views; that is to say, during twenty years they would prove the existence of a thing by logical arguments, and afterwards they would deny it by logical arguments. So much so, that Plato at first logically proved the immobility of the earth and the movement of the sun; later by logical arguments he proved that the sun was the stationary centre, and that the earth was moving. 

……Therefore it is evident that the method of reasoning is not perfect;……——Abdu’l-Baha.... 

……欧洲的哲学家们说，……感官是人获取知识的主要途径。他们认为感官是最优秀的认识管道，虽然它并不完美，会犯错。例如视觉是最有力的感官，但是海市蜃楼看上去却像水，镜子里的影子看上去好像真的一样，大的东西远看变小了，旋转的一个点看去好像一个圆圈……可见感官并不可靠。

……古代的哲学家以推理来証实某些事物，他们坚守逻辑论断的答案。他们的辩论全都是推理的辩论。尽管如此，他们的差异却很大，观点常常互相矛盾。他们甚至改变初衷。例如他们用二十年的时间，以逻辑论证证明一个事物的存在，之后又以逻辑论证将它推翻。柏拉图起初用逻辑论证证明地球是不动的，只有太阳在移动；后来他又以同样的方法，证明太阳是一个不动的中心，而地球却在移动。

因此，明显地推理的方法并不完美；…….——阿博都-巴哈。

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